Forgiveness seeking after a relational transgression is an important aspect of relational repair from an interpersonal perspective, although it has received much less attention than the process of granting forgiveness. This research focuses on the victim's perspective of the transgressor's behaviors and how they are related to forgiveness and offense characteristics. This paper proposes a multidimensional concept of seeking forgiveness that includes four dimensions: apologies, restorative action, relational caring behaviors, and diverting behaviors. A questionnaire for assessing these dimensions was developed (...) and tested with a general population sample of 450 subjects. Participants recalled a specific offense and then answered a questionnaire about the perceived usefulness of different forgiveness-seeking behaviors, a forgiveness inventory, and several questions regarding the characteristics of the offense. Our results support the four-factor structure of the questionnaire. As the perceived intentionality of the offense increases, behaviors that are directly related to the transgression, such as apologies and restorative actions, are experienced as less useful for forgiveness. The more hurtful the offense, the less useful the diverting behaviors are. Behavior such as apologies and restorative action are related to a lower motivation for revenge, while all forgiveness-seeking behaviors are related to an increase in feelings of benevolence toward the offender. (shrink)

While recent studies have claimed that non-referential gestures are used to mark discourse-new and/or -accessible referents and focused information in adult speech, to our knowledge, no prior investigation has studied the relationship between information structure and gesture referentiality in children’s narrative speech from a developmental perspective. A longitudinal database consisting of 332 narratives performed by 83 children at two different time points in development was coded for IS and gesture referentiality. Results revealed that at both time points, both referential and (...) non-referential gestures were produced more with information that moves discourse forward and predication rather than topical or background information. Further, at 7–9 years of age, children tended to use more non-referential gestures to mark focus and comment constituents than referential gestures. In terms of the marking of the newness of discourse referents, non-referential gestures already seem to play a key role at 5–6 years old, whereas referential gestures did not show any patterns. This relationship was even stronger at 7–9 years old. All in all, our findings offer supporting evidence that in contrast with referential gestures, non-referential gestures have been found to play a key role in marking IS, and that the development of this relationship solidifies at a period in development that coincides with a spurt in non-referential gesture production. (shrink)

Un nuevo y espléndido libro de José Luis Villacañas ha aparecido recientemente para el lector culto de lengua española. El libro, publicado por Taurus-Penguin Random House a inicios de 2021, pretende hacer justicia a la figura egregia de Luis Vives, el gran humanista español, menos conocido en España de lo que ciertamente merece.

En los tiempos modernos se ha avanzado bastante en temas médicos y de salud. Se están desarrollando cada vez más estas tecnologías en pro de alargar la esperanza de vida de los seres humanos. Pero ¿cuál es el propósito de vivir cada vez más tiempo? ¿es mejor vivir mucho tiempo, aunque en la vejez no se tenga plenitud? ¿es mejor vivir un tiempo corto, pero sin los estragos de las deficiencias que traen la edad y la enfermedad? y aunque no (...) se tenga que sufrir si vives muchos años ¿se necesita mucho tiempo para vivir una vida plena?Aquí trataremos de responder esas y otras preguntas. El problema será entonces enfocado al cómo es prudente vivir la vida y a la desvalorización de ésta al verse extendida cada vez más, pero ¿sería posible que la vida pierda parte de su valor, si cada vez tenemos más tiempo para posponer lo que queremos hacer mientras la tengamos? A primera vista podría parecer que no, porque el tener más tiempo nos facilita el hacer más cosas dentro de este paréntesis, que es el tiempo de vida. Dentro de esto se podría argumentar que el desarrollo humano será más completo si se tiene más tiempo y, consecuente de este, más posibilidades ¿pero estos argumentos serán del todo ciertos?Por otro lado, se puede decir que, si bien no todos buscaremos un desarrollo humano, dentro del paréntesis corto que es nuestra vida, no sería diferente si tuviéramos más tiempo. Principalmente porque esto no está presente en las metas de la mayoría, siendo estas muy cambiantes entre los miembros de una comunidad. Y aunque se dé el caso en que el individuo sea consciente de lo que sea que se esté buscando ¿algún día lo podrá encontrar? ¿le bastará con lograr ese objetivo que se propuso como fin para el sentido de su vida o buscará algo que sea imposible de alcanzar? si es verdad que buscamos algo que no podremos alcanzar mientras estemos vivos ¿en realidad lo que buscamos está más allá de nuestra vida terrenal y necesitamos, creer que en morir existe la respuesta? Este será el objetivo de nuestro trabajo, el buscar razones suficientes que fundamenten una respuesta a la pregunta de si es necesario el alargar nuestra vida. (shrink)

Aunque con el paso del tiempo, las tendencias político-liberales cambiaron completamente su sentido, no se puede entender directamente en qué puede consistir algo como la democracia, esto apelando a ejemplos de la desigualdad descarada que se vive en todo el mundo. Este ensayo no pretende enumerar todos los casos de desigualdad, tampoco se propone hablar del significado de la democracia a lo largo de la historia; el motivo es hablar, a un nivel muy general, del sentido de la democracia en (...) la educación como un ideal que tiene que prevalecer en lo académico. Retomaremos algunos personajes visionarios que cambiaron la forma en el cómo se educa, expondremos de qué manera es importante su método educativo para la concepción de una educación, ligada a un ideal democrático. Finalizaré llegando, de una manera muy particular, al concepto de democracia en la educación y él por qué se considera que es un valor integral para educar. (shrink)

In this paper we mainly study preservation theorems for two fragments of the infinitary languagesLκκ, withκregular, without the equality symbol: the universal Horn fragment and the universal strict Horn fragment. In particular, whenκisω, we obtain the corresponding theorems for the first-order case.The universal Horn fragment of first-order logic (with equality) has been extensively studied; for references see [10], [7] and [8]. But the universal Horn fragment without equality, used frequently in logic programming, has received much less attention from the model (...) theoretic point of view. At least to our knowledge, the problem of obtaining preservation results for it has not been studied before by model theorists. In spite of this, in the field of abstract algebraic logic we find a theorem which, properly translated, is a preservation result for the strict universal Horn fragment of infinitary languages without equality which, apart from function symbols, have only a unary relation symbol. This theorem is due to J. Czelakowski; see [5], Theorem 6.1, and [6], Theorem 5.1. A. Torrens [12] also has an unpublished result dealing with matrices of sequent calculi which, properly translated, is a preservation result for the strict universal Horn fragment of a first-order language. And in [2] of W. J. Blok and D. Pigozzi we find Corollary 6.3 which properly translated corresponds to our Corollary 19, but for the case of a first-order language that apart from its function symbols has only oneκ-ary relation symbol, and for strict universal Horn sentences. The study of these results is the basis for the present work. In the last part of the paper, Section 4, we will make these connections clear and obtain some of these results from our theorems. In this way we hope to make clear two things: (1) The field of abstract algebraic logic can be seen, in part, as a disguised study of universal Horn logic without equality and so has an added interest. (2) A general study of universal Horn logic without equality from a model theoretic point of view can be of help in the field of abstract algebraic logic. (shrink)

El legado enciclopedista de Diderot sobre el poder político y el derecho en vísperas de Revolución -- Un célebre profesor de jurisprudencia de siglo XVIII, después marginado durante siglos: el caso de Jean Jacques Burlamaqui y sus Elementos de derecho natural -- Lardizábal, jurista "ilustrado" en los albores de la Independencia de México -- Los ilustrados, infatigables inventores de derechos vitales. Escolio a una obra de Lynn Hunt -- Lichtenberg, un ilustrado minimalista. A manera de epílogo.

"¿Cómo salimos del silencio? Este y otros interrogantes fluyen como una constante en esta minuciosa investigación, que ofrece un enfoque panorámico sobre el estudio de las lenguas. En palabras de Carlos Fuentes, el encanto de esta obra está en que aborda cosas que creíamos saber sobre las lenguas y descubre lo que no sabíamos sobre lo que creíamos saber" -- Prové de l'editor.

The stream on political corporate social responsibility argues that companies have recently assumed state-like roles to influence global governance. However, following emerging calls for greater contextualization of CSR, we trace the historic evolution of PCSR in the case of Colombia and argue that such political engagement by firms is not new. Looking beyond a linear chronological account, we reveal the sedimentation process behind PCSR by exploring the archetypical political roles businesses have taken on in providing public goods and acting as (...) regulators, and chart their transformation. Our findings allow us to make two main contributions. First, by unearthing different strata of business and society relations, we enrich the research on PCSR, highlighting its historical sedimentation dynamics. By integrating institutional and historical perspectives, we respond to calls for complementary accounts of one of the premises found in the literature that considers globalization as the starting point of PCSR. Second, our exploration of the past and present of PCSR in Colombia provides scholars and practitioners with an overview of the complex state and stakes of CSR in that country. We also discuss the implications of sedimentation for PCSR theory and future research directions. (shrink)

Critical aspects in the field of education are currently related to low levels of socioemotional competences and high rates of school dropouts. However, there are no standard practices or guidelines for helping countries to assess and train social and emotional competences. To overcome this limitation, the project Learning to be (L2B) aims to propose a comprehensive model of the assessment and development of social and emotional competences that bring together policymakers, researchers, teachers, school authorities and learners from different participating countries: (...) Finland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. The project attempts to create an international framework for regulating activities and supporting teachers working on the social and emotional competences of the students and to provide tools which can be used across countries. The aim of the paper is to describe how L2B has been developed in Spain by analyzing the contributions of the international framework and extracting the specific needs in the Spanish context. Specifically, we describe two products of the project: a) the process for creating a toolkit, a tool focused on creating activities and materials for helping teachers develop social and emotional competences of students and b) the results of an exploratory study in Spain in which social and emotional competences are assessed and compared to the international framework. First, we explain the definition of social and emotional competences used for creating the toolkit. Second, we analyze responses of Spanish students to questionnaires administered before applying the toolkit in the schools. The paper describes social and emotional competences in Spain and evaluates the overlap between relevant variables in Spain and those used for developing the toolkit, the international tool. Specific needs in Spain are discussed, as well as the contribution of the project for promoting the improved development of students’ social and emotional competences, improving learning outcomes and stronger social cohesion in schools and local communities, as well as the utility of the results for creating new educational policies. (shrink)

En este trabajo presentamos la traducción al castellano del tratado «Sobre la forma primera y la materia primera» del filósofo zaragozano Avempace, precedida por una introducción que trata de mostrar los cauces por los que ha llegado hasta nosotros esta obra y los problemas que presenta para la traducción.The aim of this essay is to offer the Spanish translation of the "Treatise on Primary Form and Primary Matter" written by the philosopher Avempace, from Saragossa. The preceding introduction is an attempt (...) to show the ways through which this work has reached us and the difficulties it presents for its translation. (shrink)

Adult learners demand teaching innovations that are ever more rapid and attractive. As a response to these demands and the challenges of skills training, this article presents a conceptual analysis that introduces competitive debate as an impact training model. The aim is to learn whether debate can be considered to fall within the frame of gamification, so that the full potential of debate as gamification can be exploited. There is a significant research gap regarding competitive debate as a game, with (...) the training mechanics for adult learners remaining practically unexplored. Through a conceptual analysis of game, game experience, and gamification, and their respective characteristics, we conclude that competitive debate is an ideal instrument for gamification. (shrink)

Human genomics is a translational field spanning research, clinical care, public health, and direct-to-consumer testing. However, law differs across these domains on issues including liability, consent, promoting quality of analysis and interpretation, and safeguarding privacy. Genomic activities crossing domains can thus encounter confusion and conflicts among these approaches. This paper suggests how to resolve these conflicts while protecting the rights and interests of individuals sequenced. Translational genomics requires this more translational approach to law.

Our work is a contribution to the model theory of fuzzy predicate logics. In this paper we characterize elementary equivalence between models of fuzzy predicate logic using elementary mappings. Refining the method of diagrams we give a solution to an open problem of Hájek and Cintula (J Symb Log 71(3):863–880, 2006, Conjectures 1 and 2). We investigate also the properties of elementary extensions in witnessed and quasi-witnessed theories, generalizing some results of Section 7 of Hájek and Cintula (J Symb Log (...) 71(3):863–880, 2006) and of Section 4 of Cerami and Esteva (Arch Math Log 50(5/6):625–641, 2011) to non-exhaustive models. (shrink)

In Dellunde et al. 997–1015), we determined the complete theory Te of modules of separably closed fields of characteristic p and imperfection degree e, eω{∞}. Here, for 0≠eω, we describe the closed set of the Ziegler spectrum corresponding to Te. Further, we establish a correspondence between certain submodules and n-types and we investigate several notions of dimensions and their relationships with the Lascar rank. Finally, we show that Te has uniform p.p. elimination of imaginaries and deduce uniform weak elimination of (...) imaginaries. (shrink)

As it is well known, mobile phones have become a basic gadget for any individual that usually stores sensitive information. This mainly motivates the increase in the number of attacks aimed at jeopardizing smartphones, being an extreme concern above all on Android OS, which is the most popular platform in the market. Consequently, a strong effort has been devoted for mitigating mentioned incidents in recent years, even though few researchers have addressed the application of visualization techniques for the analysis of (...) malware. Within this field, the present work proposes the extension of a new technique called Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots to visualize Android malware datasets. More precisely, the novel Beta-Hebbian Learning (BHL) method is applied for the first time and validated under the frame of Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots, in conjunction with clustering methods. The informative visualization achieved provides a picture of the structure of the malware families, allowing subsequent analysis of their organization. To validate the Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plot extension and its tuning, the popular Android Malware Genome dataset has been used in the experimental setting. Promising results have been obtained, suggesting that BHL applied in combination with clustering techniques in Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots are a viable resource for the visualization of malware families. (shrink)

The flowers of the primitive angiosperm plants were radially symmetrical (actinomorphic). Flowers with bilateral symmetry (zygomorphic) evolved in several clades independently as an adaptation to specialized methods of pollination and played an important role in the diversification of flowering plants. In the model species Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), the related genes CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) are key in the development of this trait. This raises the question of whether they played a role in the evolution of floral bilateral symmetry. To (...) address this, the evolution of CYC in relation to the evolution of zygomorphy is being investigated. Phylogenetic and functional analyses of CYC‐like genes are being carried out in groups either closely related to Antirhinum or in families where zygomorphy evolved as an independent event. In addition, the origin of zygomorphy is being studied by comparing the function of CYC‐like genes in species with zygomorphic flowers with their function in species with radially symmetrical flowers. BioEssays 26:1175–1184, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

ABSTRACT My aim in this paper is to present a pluralist thesis about the inferential role of logical constants, which embraces classical, relevant, linear and ordered logic. That is, I defend that a logical constant c has more than one correct inferential role. The thesis depends on a particular interpretation of substructural logics' vocabulary, according to which classical logic captures the literal meaning of logical constants and substructural logics encode a pragmatically enriched sense of those connectives. The paper is divided (...) into four parts: first, I introduce the motivation for the pluralist thesis of the paper; second I introduce the calculus for the different logics endorsed in the pluralist thesis; third, I motivate how the different behaviors of the logical vocabulary of these logics can be pragmatically interpreted, and fourth, I motivate how the different inferential roles that each substructural logic attribute to logical constants can coexist, and how we should reason with a logical constant c given this plurality. (shrink)

Recientemente se ha encontrado una copia de la obra al-garib al-muntaqà min kalm ahl al-tuqà, hasta ahora desaparecida. En el manuscrito la autoría del Muntaqà se atribuye a Ibn Masarra. En este artículo se muestra que su más probable autor, según indican las fuentes, es Ibn Jamis al-Yaburi, importante eslabón en la historia del sufismo andalusí. Se analizan además la estructura y el contenido de esta obra ascético-mística que Ibn Jamis transmitió al cadí �Iya? de Ceuta.

Ante el pensamiento del neocapitalismo y su poder actual, el autor se pregunta su hay razones para reivindicar la justicia social en nuestros días. Para responder a esta interrogante realiza un análisis de algunos elementos históricos que habrían sido en su opinión decisivos para llegar a la situación actual de la democracia en Occidente, desgranando algunas de las diferencias ideológicas que sobre la gobernabilidad de la democracia surgieron en la izquierda, y que condujeron a dos vías diferentes en el seno (...) de la misma y al triunfo de la identificada con las posiciones socialdemócratas. Así, señala, una socialdemocracia reconvertida en tercera vía, y un comunismo pertrechado de consignas altisonantes con poca sustancia ideológica se reparten la clientela política de izquierda a este lado del mundo. (shrink)

El Juicio de gusto como Juicio estético parte de la contemplación de un objeto en particular. Surge de forma libre y no guarda relación alguna con una intencionalidad por parte del sujeto. En el caso de un juicio sobre lo bello se considera que atribuye cierta belleza al objeto como si se tratase de una propiedad que le caracteriza. La forma en la que se da este juicio posibilita el surgimiento de cierta universalidad del mismo en la medida en que (...) todo aquel que pueda contemplarlo pueda distinguir la belleza en él. Pero se trata sólo de universalidad estética y no lógica. En la forma que adoptan estos objetos se advierte una finalidad de la naturaleza como condición a priori que posibilita su conocimiento. Dicha posibilidad basada en la reflexión sobre la forma de estos viene determinada por el uso reflexionante de la facultad de juzgar. (shrink)

Este espacio ofrece un conjunto de aspectos de la filosofía de Lévinas expresados en una sección de su obra Totalidad e Infinito que se enfrentan con el pensamiento de Hegel en el marco de las relaciones intersubjetivas en torno a un comportamiento ético de la conciencia o el yo frente a lo otro de sí. Los puntos de encuentros y más aún de desencuentros entre ambos autores revelan que el contexto histórico es determinante en las posturas que plantean en la (...) medida en que ofrecen interpretaciones mayormente divergentes de acuerdo a la relación de cada sujeto con lo externo a sí. El objetivo de este espacio de discusión entre ambos autores es resaltar la importancia y el papel que juega la figura de la Autoconciencia hegeliana frente a la construcción de sociedades que aspiran a poner en marcha proyectos de justicia social y verdadera democracia. (shrink)

La facultad de juzgar teleológica se distingue de la estética básicamente en el punto de partida que tiene el sujeto frente a los objetos que juzga. En este caso el sujeto parte de algún conocimiento sobre ellos y no juzga solo a partir de lo que exteriormente advierte en los mismos. Esto implica que la realidad de dichos objetos cobra una dimensión diferente y el hombre puede incluirle en su quehacer diario ya que puede dar cuenta de su utilidad. La (...) finalidad en sentido de intencionalidad que se muestra en ciertos productos naturales guarda una relación externa con el hombre y con otros productos pues su existencia se basa en la conveniencia de su manifestación en un momento y lugar determinados. En los organismos naturales la finalidad de la naturaleza se basa en una relación orgánica entre los componentes que los constituyen formando entre todos un conjunto como ser organizado. (shrink)